Consolidarea Fundației. Subzidire

Consolidarea Fundației: Metode, Avantaje și Dezavantaje

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Consolidarea fundației unei case vechi reprezintă o problemă complexă, deloc ieftină, pe care orice persoană care are în vedere cumpărarea unei case mai vechi, cu potențiale probleme la fundație, trebuie să o aibă în vedere. Scop este de a asigurarea stabilitate și durabilitate structurii. În acest articol, vom enumera câteva dintre cele mai utilizate metode de subzidire, analizând avantajele și dezavantajele fiecăreia.

Subzidire cu Beton Masiv

Subzidirea este un proces complex și costisitor, adesea utilizat pentru structuri de valoare înaltă sau monumente arhitecturale. Acest proces implică mai multe etape:

Consolidarea Fundației. Subzidirea
Consolidarea Fundației
  1. Excavarea: Se realizează o excavare sub fundația existentă, creând segmente de aproximativ un metru lungime, până la o adâncime adecvată pentru noile fundații, minim 80 cm.
  2. Armarea, cofrarea și betonarea: Segmentele excavate sunt apoi armate, cofrate și umplute cu beton.
  3. Întărirea betonului: Se așteaptă întărirea betonului înainte de a trece la următoarea etapă.
  4. Excavarea zonelor rămase: Se realizează excavarea zonelor inițial lăsate neexcavate.
  5. Conectarea armăturii: Armătura din zonele deja betonate este conectată cu cea montată în zonele excavate în a doua etapă.
  6. Cofrarea și betonarea finală: După conectarea armăturii, se realizează cofrarea și betonarea finală a acestor zone.

Este important de menționat că în timpul acestui proces, pot apărea fisuri în zidăriile existente.

Avantajele acestei metode de consolidarea fundației constau în creșterea rezistenței și  a stabilității fundației, faptul că poate fi aplicată în diverse condiții de sol și este o soluție durabilă pe termen lung. Dezavantajele țin de cantitatea posibil mare de beton și de durata necesară urcării sale.
O descrierea mai detaliată a metodei puteți găsi AICI și AICI.

Subzidire cu Piloți

Subzidirea cu piloți pentru consolidarea fundației este o metodă de consolidare a fundațiilor care implică utilizarea de piloți, care sunt coloane lungi și subțiri, implantați sau forați în sol sub fundația existentă pentru a oferi suport suplimentar. Această metodă este potrivită pentru clădirile situate pe soluri moi sau instabile.

Procesul de subzidire cu piloți implică următoarele etape:

  1. Evaluarea condițiilor de teren: Înainte de a începe procesul de subzidire, este esențial să se efectueze o evaluare aprofundată a condițiilor de teren. Acest lucru include analiza tipului de sol, a adâncimii stratului stabil de sol și a condițiilor de încărcare ale structurii existente.
  2. Proiectarea piloților: Piloții sunt proiectați în funcție de condițiile de teren și de cerințele structurale. Aceștia pot fi fabricați din beton armat sau oțel, în funcție de cerințele specifice ale proiectului.
  3. Instalarea piloților: Piloții sunt împinși sau forați în sol sub fundația existentă. Acest lucru se face folosind echipamente speciale de foraj, care pot penetra solul până la adâncimea necesară.
  4. Conectarea piloților la fundația existentă: După instalarea piloților, aceștia sunt conectați la fundația existentă. Acest lucru se face prin turnarea de beton între piloți și fundația existentă, creând astfel o legătură solidă care permite transferul încărcărilor de la structura existentă la piloți.
  5. Verificarea performanței: După finalizarea procesului de subzidire, este important să se efectueze teste pentru a verifica performanța piloților și a conexiunii cu fundația existentă. Acest lucru poate include teste de încărcare, monitorizarea mișcărilor structurale și evaluarea condițiilor de teren.

Subzidirea cu piloți este o metodă eficientă de consolidarea fundațiilor, în special pentru clădirile de dimensiuni mari situate pe soluri moi sau instabile, în zone cu accesibilitate limitată sau dificilă, reducând riscul tasărilor ulterioare. Este un proces complex, mai costisitor în comparație cu alte medode, care necesită o planificare atentă, o proiectare corectă și o execuție precisă.

Subzidire cu Grinzi și Baze

Subzidirea cu grinzi și baze pentru consolidarea fundației este o metodă de consolidare a fundațiilor care implică construirea de grinzi de beton armat sub fundația existentă și de noi baze. Noi ”picioare” din beton sunt adăugate pentru susținere. Această metodă este adesea folosită atunci când fundația trebuie consolidată pe o linie continuă.

consolidare a fundațiilor. Subzidire cu Grinzi și Baza

Procesul de subzidire cu grinzi și baze implică următoarele etape:

  1. Evaluarea condițiilor de teren și a structurii existente: Înainte de a începe procesul de subzidire, este esențial să se efectueze o evaluare aprofundată a condițiilor de teren și a stării structurii existente. Acest lucru include analiza tipului de sol, a adâncimii stratului stabil de sol, a condițiilor de încărcare ale structurii existente și a stării fundației existente.
  2. Proiectarea grinzilor și a bazelor: Grinzile și bazele sunt proiectate în funcție de condițiile de teren și de cerințele structurale. Acestea sunt fabricate din beton armat, care oferă o rezistență ridicată la încărcări și o durabilitate îmbunătățită.
  3. Construirea grinzilor și a bazelor: Grinzile de beton armat sunt construite sub fundația existentă, iar noi baze sau picioare de beton sunt adăugate pentru susținere. Acest lucru se face folosind tehnici de construcție specializate și echipamente de construcție adecvate.
  4. Conectarea grinzilor și a bazelor la fundația existentă: După construirea grinzilor și a bazelor, acestea sunt conectate la fundația existentă. Acest lucru se face prin turnarea de beton între grinzile și bazele noi și fundația existentă, creând astfel o legătură solidă care permite transferul încărcărilor de la structura existentă la grinzile și bazele noi.
  5. Verificarea performanței: După finalizarea procesului de subzidire, este important să se efectueze teste pentru a verifica performanța grinzilor și a bazelor și a conexiunii cu fundația existentă. Acest lucru poate include teste de încărcare, monitorizarea mișcărilor structurale și evaluarea condițiilor de teren.

Subzidirea cu grinzi și baze pentru consolidarea fundației este o metodă eficientă de consolidare a fundațiilor, în special pentru structurile care necesită o susținere uniformă. Cu toate acestea, este un proces complex care necesită o planificare atentă, o proiectare corectă și o execuție precisă.

Alegerea unei metode de subzidire depinde de factori precum condițiile de sol, starea actuală a fundației și bugetul disponibil. Este esențială consultarea un inginer structurist sau un expert în construcții pentru a evalua situația specifică și a recomanda cea mai potrivită soluție. Consolidarea corectă a fundației nu numai că rezolvă problemele existente, dar asigură și siguranța și durabilitatea pe termen lung a clădirii reabilitate.

Puteti vedea oferta nostră cu case de vânzare AICI.

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